Yalutorovsk museum complex incorporating memorial houses of Decembrists is by right considered one of the major sights in the town. It was opened in 1927 on the basis of the amateur historic group of enthusiasts, and now the museum is well known in Russia. Initially the museum contained paleontologic and archaeological excavations made near Yalutorovsk, and pre-revolution and soviet periods of the town history. The employees of the museum have discovered unknown facts of the Decembrists stay in Yalutorovsk and found the houses they lived in.
Since 1934 till 1947 the museum was headed by Igor Ozolin, whose selfless work facilitated a lot creation of the Decembrists museum. It was he who found in 1935 a sealed bottle left by Muravjev-Apostol a hundred years ago. This was a pre-cause for organizing the Decembrists museum in Yalutorovsk. During the World War II the operation of the museum was suspended, and evacuated people from Leningrad were located in the house. In 1946 the museum continued its work, and became known far outside Siberia. Over the years the exposition was supplemented with newly found exhibits. Found was a tomb of a Decembrist Yantaltsev, and the house of Yakishkin was incorporated within the museum territory. Since 1960 till 1990 the museum was headed by Nikolai Zubarev who did a lot to development of the museum. He also systematized the data related to culture and history of Yalutorovsk. In 1970 he wrote a book on history of Yalutorovsk. The activities of the museum have made for the fact that Yalutorovsk has been enlisted among the historic centers of Russia.
In 1990 great amount of work was accomplished on revising historical heritage of the town, and unknown data became available to public. Among the published works at that period a particular stress should be laid upon the book ‘History of Yalutorovsk since ancient times till today’ by a museum employee Albina Bolotova. The book was recommended as a manual on local history for schoolchildren. In 1993 the museum was the first in Siberia to accept the exhibition of the Decembrists’ relics out of the funds of the State Museum on History. Descendents of the Decembrists from all over the world visited the museum.
In 1996 the Yalutorovsk museum was re-organized into the museum complex with three subsidiaries: ‘Museum of local lore’, ‘Historical-memorial museum’, and ‘Museum of Nature’. The museum has started up some original exhibition projects such as ‘Bread and Butter in Siberia’ that reveals the history of industrial traditions of the town through non-conventional approaches. Director of the museum Pavel Beloglazov wrote and published an album ‘Yalutorovsk: a trace in history’ that contains the most valuable historic data, rare illustrations and documents.
Since several years Tyumen Research Centre of Siberian branch of Russian Academy of Science (SB RAS) has been working on creation of an extraordinary research and information project named “Way to Siberia”. Its main objective is to reconstruct the first itineraries of Siberia development and to carry out integrated study of its cultural and historical heritage. Collected facts, illustrations and research results are placed on the web site of the project created for popularization of history and cultural of the towns, which played an important role in the process of Siberia development.
Besides cultural and historical significance, the itineraries presented in the project had an important influence on development of natural sciences. The process of development of this severe area merged into the kingdom of permafrost and rich in unique natural resources had served as a source of research studies and discoveries unprecedented by their scale. The history of the Russian Academy of Science is also closely connected with this process. A whole constellation of distinguished Russian and European scientists followed “the way to Siberia” including teams of researchers headed by V. Bering, G.F. Miller and I.G. Gmelin. The investigations carried out in the Urals and in Siberia by Petr Pallas, Alexander von Gumbolt and many other scientists of the XVIII–XIX centuries made an inestimable contribution into development of the Earth science.
Short-terms plans of “Way to Siberia” project development include collection, presentation and integrated study of new data on historical and cultural heritage of the Russian North. Special place is reserved for integration of knowledge on academic branches aimed at the study of relevant natural-science and humanitarian problems of the northern territories.
Vladimir P. Melnikov,
The academician of the Russian Academy of Science
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