Há mais indígenas em São Paulo do que no Pará ou no Maranhão.
O número de indígenas que moram em áreas urbanas brasileiras está diminuindo, mas crescendo em aldeias e no campo. O percentual de índios que falam uma língua nativa é seis vezes maior entre os que moram em terras indígenas do que entre os que vivem em cidades.
O número de indígenas que moram em áreas urbanas brasileiras está diminuindo, mas crescendo em aldeias e no campo. O percentual de índios que falam uma língua nativa é seis vezes maior entre os que moram em terras indígenas do que entre os que vivem em cidades.
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption
Pesquisa inédita do IBGE detalhou características de povos indígenas brasileiros
As conclusões integram o mais detalhado estudo já feito pelo IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) sobre os povos indígenas brasileiros, baseado no Censo de 2010 e lançado nesta semana.
Segundo o instituto, há cerca de 900 mil índios no Brasil, que se dividem entre 305 etnias e falam ao menos 274 línguas. Os dados fazem do Brasil um dos países com maior diversidade sociocultural do planeta. Em comparação, em todo o continente europeu, há cerca de 140 línguas autóctones, segundo um estudo publicado em 2011 pelo Instituto de História Europeia.
No "Caderno Temático: Populações Indígenas", o IBGE faz um mapeamento inédito sobre a localização desses povos e sua movimentação ao longo das últimas décadas.
O estudo diz que, entre 2000 e 2010, os percentuais de indígenas brasileiros que vivem nas regiões Sul e Sudeste caíram, enquanto cresceram nas outras regiões. A região Norte abriga a maior parcela de índios brasileiros (37,4%), seguida pelo Nordeste (25,5%), Centro-Oeste (16%), Sudeste (12%) e Sul (9,2%).
Entre 2000 e 2010, também caiu o percentual de indígenas que moram em áreas urbanas, movimento contrário ao do restante da população nacional.
Segundo a pesquisadora do IBGE Nilza Pereira, autora do texto que acompanha o estudo, uma das hipóteses para a redução no percentual de indígenas no Sul, Sudeste e em cidades são os movimentos de retorno a terras tradicionais.
Nas últimas décadas, intensificaram-se no país as chamadas "retomadas", quando indígenas retornam às regiões de origem e reivindicam a demarcação desses territórios. Em alguns pontos, como no Nordeste e em Mato Grosso do Sul, muitos ainda aguardam a regularização das áreas, em processos conflituosos e contestados judicialmente.
Em outros casos, indígenas podem ter retornado a terras que tiveram sua demarcação concluída. Hoje 57,7% dos índios brasileiros vivem em terras indígenas.
Outra possibilidade, segundo Pereira, é que no Sul, Sudeste e nas cidades muitas pessoas que se declaravam como indígenas tenham deixado de fazê-lo.
Ainda que sua população indígena esteja em declínio, a cidade de São Paulo ocupa o quarto lugar na lista de municípios brasileiros com mais índios, com 13 mil. Parte do grupo vive em aldeias dos povos Guarani Mbya nos arredores da cidade, em territórios ainda em processo de demarcação.
O ranking é encabeçado por São Gabriel da Cachoeira, no noroeste do Amazonas. O município abriga 29 mil indígenas e foi o primeiro do país a aprovar como línguas oficiais, além do português, três idiomas nativos (tukano, baniwa e nheengatu).
O estudo mostra como morar numa terra indígena influencia os indicadores socioculturais dos povos. Entre os índios que residem nessas áreas, 57,3% falam ao menos uma língua nativa, índice que cai para 9,7% entre indígenas que moram em cidades.
Mesmo no Sul, região de intensa colonização e ocupação territorial, 67,5% dos índios que vivem em terras indígenas falam uma língua nativa, número só inferior ao da região Centro-Oeste (72,4%).
A taxa de fecundidade entre mulheres que moram em terras indígenas também é significativamente maior que entre as que vivem em cidades. Em terras indígenas, há 74 crianças de 0 a 4 anos para cada 100 mulheres, enquanto nas cidades há apenas 20.
Para Nilza Pereira, do IBGE, ao mostrar detalhes sobre indígenas de diferentes pontos do país, o estudo será útil para o planejamento de políticas públicas diferenciadas para esses povos. Os dados também foram usados na elaboração de vários mapas, que compõem o "Atlas Nacional do Brasil Milton Santos".
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Indígenas
vêm retornando às regiões de origem para reivindicar demarcação de territórios
Cultura indígena
O ativista indígena Denilson Baniwa, cofundador da Rádio Yandê, diz à BBC Brasil que o estudo ajuda a combater a falta de conhecimento sobre os povos indígenas no Brasil.
Baniwa, que mora no Rio de Janeiro e é publicitário, diz se deparar frequentemente com pessoas que acham que "o indígena ainda é aquele de 1500". Segundo o ativista, muitos questionam por que ele se considera indígena mesmo falando português ou usando o computador em seu trabalho.
"Respondo que cultura não é algo estático, que ela vai se adaptando com o tempo. E pergunto a eles por que não vestem as mesmas roupas usadas pelos portugueses em 1500, por que não falam aquele mesmo português e por que não usam computadores de 1995."
Image copyright Arquivo pessoal Image caption Cofundador da Rádio Yandê,
Denilson Baniwa diz que há 'grande'
desconhecimento sobre diferenças culturais entre povos indígenas
Para Baniwa, há ainda grande desconhecimento sobre as enormes diferenças culturais entre os povos indígenas brasileiros. Ele exemplifica citando dois povos de sua terra natal (a região do rio Negro, no Amazonas), os baniwa e os tukano.
"Comparar um baniwa a um tukano é como comparar um francês a um japonês. São povos com línguas, hábitos e características físicas bastantes distintas, e isso porque vivem bem próximos. Imagine a diferença entre um baniwa e um kaingang, um povo lá do Rio Grande do Sul?"
Ao mesmo tempo em que combate o preconceito contra indígenas que, como ele, moram em cidades, Baniwa afirma que cada povo deve ser livre para decidir como quer se relacionar com o resto da sociedade.
"Se um povo entender que o contato com o mundo moderno não será benéfico e que prefere ficar mais isolado em sua terra, vamos lutar para que essa decisão seja respeitada."
Cultura e conhecimento são ingredientes essenciais para a sociedade.
Cultura e conhecimento são ingredientes essenciais para a sociedade.
A cultura é o único antídoto que existe contra a ausência de amor
A cultura é o único antídoto que existe contra a ausência de amor
Vamos compartilhar.
--in via tradutor do google
Brazilian indigenous culture. 305 ethnic groups and 274 languages: study reveals cultural wealth of indigenous peoples in Brazil.
There are more Indians in São Paulo than in Pará and Maranhão. The number of Indians who live in urban areas in Brazil is declining, but growing in villages and the countryside. The percentage of Indians who speak a native language is six times higher among those who live on Indian lands than among those living in cities.
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption
unprecedented IBGE survey detailed characteristics of Brazilian indigenous peoples
The findings are part of the most comprehensive study ever done by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) on Brazilian indigenous peoples, based on the 2010 Census and released this week.
According to the Institute, there are about 900,000 Indians in Brazil, which are divided among 305 ethnic groups and speak at least 274 languages. The data make Brazil one of the countries with the highest socio-cultural diversity of the planet. In comparison, in the entire European continent, there are about 140 indigenous languages, according to a study published in 2011 by the European History Institute.
In "Theme Notebook: Indigenous Peoples", IBGE is a unique mapping of the location of these peoples and its changes over the past decades.
The study says that between 2000 and 2010, the percentage of Brazilian Indians who live in the South and Southeast regions fell, while grown in other regions. The northern region is home to the largest share of Brazilian Indians (37.4%), followed by the Northeast (25.5%), Midwest (16%), Southeast (12%) and South (9.2%).
Between 2000 and 2010, also dropped the percentage of Indians who live in urban areas, moving contrary to the rest of the national population.
According to a researcher at the IBGE Nilza Pereira, author of text accompanying the study, one of the hypotheses for the reduction in the percentage of indigenous people in the South, Southeast and cities are the return movements to traditional lands.
In recent decades, the country intensified calls "resume" when indigenous return to regions of origin and claim the demarcation of these territories. In some places, such as in the Northeast and in Mato Grosso do Sul, many still await the regularization of areas, conflicting processes and challenged in court.
In other cases, indigenous people may have returned the land that had completed its demarcation. Today 57.7% of Brazilian Indians living on Indian lands.
Another possibility, according to Pereira, is that in the South, Southeast and in the cities many people who declared themselves as indigenous have ceased to do so.
Although its indigenous population is in decline, the city of São Paulo ranks fourth in the list of municipalities with more Indians, with 13 thousand. Part of the group live in villages of the people Guarani Mbya on the outskirts of the city, in areas still in the process of demarcation.
The ranking is led by São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in northwestern Amazonas. The city is home to 29,000 indigenous people and was the first country to approve as official languages in addition to Portuguese, three native languages (Tukano, Baniwa and nheengatu).
The study shows how to live in an indigenous land influences the sociocultural indicators of people. Among the Indians who live in these areas, 57.3% speak at least one native language, index falling 9.7% between indigenous people who live in cities.
Even in the South, a region of intense colonization and territorial occupation, 67.5% of Indians living on Indian lands speak a native language, number second only to the Midwest (72.4%).
The fertility rate among women living in indigenous lands is also significantly higher than among those living in cities. On indigenous lands, there are 74 children aged 0 to 4 years for every 100 women, while in the cities there are only 20.
To Nilza Pereira, the IBGE, showing details of indigenous from different parts of the country, the study will be useful for planning differentiated public policies for these people. The data were also used in the preparation of various maps that make up the "National Atlas of Brazil Milton Santos."
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Indigenous
They come back to the regions of origin to claim demarcation of territories
Indian culture
The indigenous activist Denilson Baniwa, co-founder of Radio Yandê, says the BBC Brazil that the study helps to combat the lack of knowledge of indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Baniwa, who lives in Rio de Janeiro and is advertising, says often come across people who think that "the Indian is still that of 1500". According to the activist, many question why he is considered indigenous even speaking Portuguese or using the computer in their work.
"I answer that culture is not static, it will be adapted over time. And I ask them why they do not wear the same clothes worn by the Portuguese in 1500, why not speak that same Portuguese and why not use 1995 computers . "
Image copyright File Personal Image caption Co-founder of Radio Yandê,
Denilson Baniwa says there is 'great'
ignorance about cultural differences between indigenous peoples
For Baniwa, there is still widespread ignorance about the huge cultural differences between Brazilian indigenous peoples. He exemplifies citing two people from their homeland (the Rio Negro region of Amazonas), the Baniwa and Tucano.
"Comparing a baniwa a tukano is like comparing a French to a Japanese. They are people with language, habits and quite distinct physical characteristics, and that because they live in close proximity. Imagine the difference between a baniwa and Kaingang, one beyond the Rio people Grande do Sul? "
While fighting prejudice against indigenous people who, like him, live in cities, Baniwa states that each people should be free to decide how to relate to the rest of society.
"If a people understand that contact with the modern world will not be beneficial and would rather become more isolated in their land, we will fight for this decision is respected."
Vamos compartilhar.
--in via tradutor do google
Brazilian indigenous culture. 305 ethnic groups and 274 languages: study reveals cultural wealth of indigenous peoples in Brazil.
There are more Indians in São Paulo than in Pará and Maranhão. The number of Indians who live in urban areas in Brazil is declining, but growing in villages and the countryside. The percentage of Indians who speak a native language is six times higher among those who live on Indian lands than among those living in cities.
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption
unprecedented IBGE survey detailed characteristics of Brazilian indigenous peoples
The findings are part of the most comprehensive study ever done by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) on Brazilian indigenous peoples, based on the 2010 Census and released this week.
According to the Institute, there are about 900,000 Indians in Brazil, which are divided among 305 ethnic groups and speak at least 274 languages. The data make Brazil one of the countries with the highest socio-cultural diversity of the planet. In comparison, in the entire European continent, there are about 140 indigenous languages, according to a study published in 2011 by the European History Institute.
In "Theme Notebook: Indigenous Peoples", IBGE is a unique mapping of the location of these peoples and its changes over the past decades.
The study says that between 2000 and 2010, the percentage of Brazilian Indians who live in the South and Southeast regions fell, while grown in other regions. The northern region is home to the largest share of Brazilian Indians (37.4%), followed by the Northeast (25.5%), Midwest (16%), Southeast (12%) and South (9.2%).
Between 2000 and 2010, also dropped the percentage of Indians who live in urban areas, moving contrary to the rest of the national population.
According to a researcher at the IBGE Nilza Pereira, author of text accompanying the study, one of the hypotheses for the reduction in the percentage of indigenous people in the South, Southeast and cities are the return movements to traditional lands.
In recent decades, the country intensified calls "resume" when indigenous return to regions of origin and claim the demarcation of these territories. In some places, such as in the Northeast and in Mato Grosso do Sul, many still await the regularization of areas, conflicting processes and challenged in court.
In other cases, indigenous people may have returned the land that had completed its demarcation. Today 57.7% of Brazilian Indians living on Indian lands.
Another possibility, according to Pereira, is that in the South, Southeast and in the cities many people who declared themselves as indigenous have ceased to do so.
Although its indigenous population is in decline, the city of São Paulo ranks fourth in the list of municipalities with more Indians, with 13 thousand. Part of the group live in villages of the people Guarani Mbya on the outskirts of the city, in areas still in the process of demarcation.
The ranking is led by São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in northwestern Amazonas. The city is home to 29,000 indigenous people and was the first country to approve as official languages in addition to Portuguese, three native languages (Tukano, Baniwa and nheengatu).
The study shows how to live in an indigenous land influences the sociocultural indicators of people. Among the Indians who live in these areas, 57.3% speak at least one native language, index falling 9.7% between indigenous people who live in cities.
Even in the South, a region of intense colonization and territorial occupation, 67.5% of Indians living on Indian lands speak a native language, number second only to the Midwest (72.4%).
The fertility rate among women living in indigenous lands is also significantly higher than among those living in cities. On indigenous lands, there are 74 children aged 0 to 4 years for every 100 women, while in the cities there are only 20.
To Nilza Pereira, the IBGE, showing details of indigenous from different parts of the country, the study will be useful for planning differentiated public policies for these people. The data were also used in the preparation of various maps that make up the "National Atlas of Brazil Milton Santos."
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Indigenous
They come back to the regions of origin to claim demarcation of territories
Indian culture
The indigenous activist Denilson Baniwa, co-founder of Radio Yandê, says the BBC Brazil that the study helps to combat the lack of knowledge of indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Baniwa, who lives in Rio de Janeiro and is advertising, says often come across people who think that "the Indian is still that of 1500". According to the activist, many question why he is considered indigenous even speaking Portuguese or using the computer in their work.
"I answer that culture is not static, it will be adapted over time. And I ask them why they do not wear the same clothes worn by the Portuguese in 1500, why not speak that same Portuguese and why not use 1995 computers . "
Image copyright File Personal Image caption Co-founder of Radio Yandê,
Denilson Baniwa says there is 'great'
ignorance about cultural differences between indigenous peoples
For Baniwa, there is still widespread ignorance about the huge cultural differences between Brazilian indigenous peoples. He exemplifies citing two people from their homeland (the Rio Negro region of Amazonas), the Baniwa and Tucano.
"Comparing a baniwa a tukano is like comparing a French to a Japanese. They are people with language, habits and quite distinct physical characteristics, and that because they live in close proximity. Imagine the difference between a baniwa and Kaingang, one beyond the Rio people Grande do Sul? "
While fighting prejudice against indigenous people who, like him, live in cities, Baniwa states that each people should be free to decide how to relate to the rest of society.
"If a people understand that contact with the modern world will not be beneficial and would rather become more isolated in their land, we will fight for this decision is respected."
There are more Indians in São Paulo than in Pará and Maranhão. The number of Indians who live in urban areas in Brazil is declining, but growing in villages and the countryside. The percentage of Indians who speak a native language is six times higher among those who live on Indian lands than among those living in cities.
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption
unprecedented IBGE survey detailed characteristics of Brazilian indigenous peoples
The findings are part of the most comprehensive study ever done by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) on Brazilian indigenous peoples, based on the 2010 Census and released this week.
According to the Institute, there are about 900,000 Indians in Brazil, which are divided among 305 ethnic groups and speak at least 274 languages. The data make Brazil one of the countries with the highest socio-cultural diversity of the planet. In comparison, in the entire European continent, there are about 140 indigenous languages, according to a study published in 2011 by the European History Institute.
In "Theme Notebook: Indigenous Peoples", IBGE is a unique mapping of the location of these peoples and its changes over the past decades.
The study says that between 2000 and 2010, the percentage of Brazilian Indians who live in the South and Southeast regions fell, while grown in other regions. The northern region is home to the largest share of Brazilian Indians (37.4%), followed by the Northeast (25.5%), Midwest (16%), Southeast (12%) and South (9.2%).
Between 2000 and 2010, also dropped the percentage of Indians who live in urban areas, moving contrary to the rest of the national population.
According to a researcher at the IBGE Nilza Pereira, author of text accompanying the study, one of the hypotheses for the reduction in the percentage of indigenous people in the South, Southeast and cities are the return movements to traditional lands.
In recent decades, the country intensified calls "resume" when indigenous return to regions of origin and claim the demarcation of these territories. In some places, such as in the Northeast and in Mato Grosso do Sul, many still await the regularization of areas, conflicting processes and challenged in court.
In other cases, indigenous people may have returned the land that had completed its demarcation. Today 57.7% of Brazilian Indians living on Indian lands.
Another possibility, according to Pereira, is that in the South, Southeast and in the cities many people who declared themselves as indigenous have ceased to do so.
Although its indigenous population is in decline, the city of São Paulo ranks fourth in the list of municipalities with more Indians, with 13 thousand. Part of the group live in villages of the people Guarani Mbya on the outskirts of the city, in areas still in the process of demarcation.
The ranking is led by São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in northwestern Amazonas. The city is home to 29,000 indigenous people and was the first country to approve as official languages in addition to Portuguese, three native languages (Tukano, Baniwa and nheengatu).
The study shows how to live in an indigenous land influences the sociocultural indicators of people. Among the Indians who live in these areas, 57.3% speak at least one native language, index falling 9.7% between indigenous people who live in cities.
Even in the South, a region of intense colonization and territorial occupation, 67.5% of Indians living on Indian lands speak a native language, number second only to the Midwest (72.4%).
The fertility rate among women living in indigenous lands is also significantly higher than among those living in cities. On indigenous lands, there are 74 children aged 0 to 4 years for every 100 women, while in the cities there are only 20.
To Nilza Pereira, the IBGE, showing details of indigenous from different parts of the country, the study will be useful for planning differentiated public policies for these people. The data were also used in the preparation of various maps that make up the "National Atlas of Brazil Milton Santos."
Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Indigenous
They come back to the regions of origin to claim demarcation of territories
Indian culture
The indigenous activist Denilson Baniwa, co-founder of Radio Yandê, says the BBC Brazil that the study helps to combat the lack of knowledge of indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Baniwa, who lives in Rio de Janeiro and is advertising, says often come across people who think that "the Indian is still that of 1500". According to the activist, many question why he is considered indigenous even speaking Portuguese or using the computer in their work.
"I answer that culture is not static, it will be adapted over time. And I ask them why they do not wear the same clothes worn by the Portuguese in 1500, why not speak that same Portuguese and why not use 1995 computers . "
Image copyright File Personal Image caption Co-founder of Radio Yandê,
Denilson Baniwa says there is 'great'
ignorance about cultural differences between indigenous peoples
For Baniwa, there is still widespread ignorance about the huge cultural differences between Brazilian indigenous peoples. He exemplifies citing two people from their homeland (the Rio Negro region of Amazonas), the Baniwa and Tucano.
"Comparing a baniwa a tukano is like comparing a French to a Japanese. They are people with language, habits and quite distinct physical characteristics, and that because they live in close proximity. Imagine the difference between a baniwa and Kaingang, one beyond the Rio people Grande do Sul? "
While fighting prejudice against indigenous people who, like him, live in cities, Baniwa states that each people should be free to decide how to relate to the rest of society.
"If a people understand that contact with the modern world will not be beneficial and would rather become more isolated in their land, we will fight for this decision is respected."
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